دوفصلنامۀ علمی دین و دنیای معاصر

دوفصلنامۀ علمی دین و دنیای معاصر

نقش «تناسب حکم و موضوع» در اصلاح فتاوای ناسازگار با اخلاق

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده
دانشجوی دکتری فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی، دپارتمان الهیات، دانشگاه مفید، قم، ایران.
چکیده
یکی از لغزشگاه‌های استنباط‌های فقهی، جمود بر الفاظ و غفلت از قرائن غیر لفظیه است. یکی از این قرائن، «تناسب حکم و موضوع»، است. وجود «تناسب حکم و موضوع»، باعث می‌شود وقتی عرف، کلامی را می‌شنود، به گونه‌ای آنرا فهم کند که تناسب بین حکم و موضوع، محفوظ بماند، حتی اگر این فهم، مستلزم تصرف در ظهور بدوی الفاظ باشد. تناسب حکم و موضوع، خاستگاه‌های مختلفی دارد که یکی از آنها، اخلاق و ارزشهای انسانی است، یعنی وجود نکات اخلاقی، باعث می‌شود عرف، یک حکم را متناسب با یک موضوع و یا بالعکس یک حکم را نامتناسب با یک موضوع، تلقی کند. پژوهش حاضر، با اتخاذ رویکردی فقهی-اصولی، به بررسی مفهوم، کارکردها و ریشه‌های «تناسب حکم و موضوع» می‌پردازد. سپس، با ارائه ده نمونه از فتاوای ظاهراً ناسازگار با اصول اخلاقی، نشان می‌دهد که چگونه التفات به ارزش‌های انسانی می‌تواند در فرایند استظهار از ادله، تأثیر گذاشته و مانع از صدور چنین فتاوایی گردد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

The Role of “The harmony between ruling and its subject-matter” in correcting Ethical Incompatible Jurisprudential Fatwas

نویسنده English

Hasan Sadeghian Meshkani
PhD student in Jurisprudence and Fundamentals of Islamic Law, Department of Theology, Mofid University, Qom, Iran.
چکیده English

One of the pitfalls in jurisprudential inferences is rigid adherence to literal meanings and neglecting non-verbal clues. One such clue is "The harmony between ruling and its subject-matter." The existence of this "The harmony between ruling and its subject-matter" leads the common understanding (عرف - 'urf) to interpret a statement in a way that preserves the harmony between the ruling and the subject, even if this understanding necessitates modifying the apparent initial meaning of the words. The suitability of the ruling to the subject has various origins, one of which is ethics and human values. That is, the presence of ethical considerations causes the common understanding to consider a ruling suitable for a subject, or vice versa, a ruling unsuitable for a subject. This present study, adopting a jurisprudential-legal (fiqhi-usuli) approach, examines the concept, functions, and roots of the "suitability of the ruling to the subject." Subsequently, by presenting ten examples of rulings seemingly incompatible with ethical principles, it demonstrates how attention to human values can influence the process of inferring from evidence and prevent the issuance of such rulings.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

The harmony between ruling and its subject-matter
Jurisprudence and ethics
Rulings incompatible with ethic
Non-verbal clues
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