Journal of Religion and the Contemporary World

Journal of Religion and the Contemporary World

Rereading the theoretical basis of equality in the thoughts of the owners of the social contract theory and constitutionalist jurists

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Amir Mahdi Moshref 1
Hossein Rahmatollahi 2
1 Master's student in Public Law, Faculty of Law, College of Farabi, University of Tehran, Qom, Iran.
2 Associate Professor of Department of Public and International Law, Faculty of Law, Tehran University, college of Farabi, Qom, Iran
10.22096/rc.2024.2028560.1193
Abstract
While equality is very important, is still controversial and one should try to provide a clear explanation of it. In this research, with analytical and descriptive methods and using library resources, we tried to determine the basis of equality in the thought of owners of social contract theory. and while comparing the basis of equality to constitutionalist jurists we identified the strengths and weaknesses of each, in order to Show a clear understanding of the concept of equality. Based on this, the principles of equality in the thought of the owners of the contract are 1-Equality based on mutual fear (Hobbes), 2-Equality based on self-awareness, self-independence and rationality (Locke), 3-Equality based on freedom and evolvability (Rousseau).The common feature of these foundations is their lack of reliance on theological concepts. On the other hand, despite the valuable efforts of the constitutionalist jurists to establish the concept of equality in the society involved with discrimination in Iran, the proof of the inherent equality of human beings regardless of transverse characteristics was not the concern of the constitutionalist jurists, and most of the political and legal equality is within the framework of Sharia. Their consideration was not inherent equality. This issue prevented the formation of the theory of equality based on the equal dignity of humans and the inherent equality of humans.
Keywords
Equality
social contract
constitutionalism
inherent equality
Locke
Hobbes
Rousseau
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Journal of Religion and the Contemporary World
Volume 10, no.2 - Serial Number 19
October 2023
Pages 69-91