Journal of Religion and the Contemporary World

Journal of Religion and the Contemporary World

Lexical Analysis and Criticism of Orientalists' Claim about the Small Number of Quran Memorizers Qur'an in the Age of Revelation

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
1 Associate professor, Department of Quran and Hadith Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
2 PhD student of Quran and Hadith Sciences, Faculty of Humanities Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
According to Muslims, the Qur'an has been narrated by many people from the prophetic era to the present time in every generation, and this is the best reason for its non-distortion. But on the other hand, some orientalists and even Muslims who believe in the distortion of the Qur'an have claimed that, contrary to this popular belief, only a small number of the Companions were the memorizers of the Qur'an, and with this small number, the historical authenticity of this book can't be verified. In order to examine this claim, the present article has first assessed the possibility of the small number of Quran memorizers in the era of revelation and then identified the words indicating the action of memorizing the Quran in the era of revelation. In the end, the narrations cited by the deniers of the historical authenticity of the Qur'an were examined and it was found that words such as "Jama", "Akhz" and "Haml" used in these narrations, at the time of its revelation did not mean "memorizing the Qur'an". Therefore, there is no reason for the small number of Qur'an memorizers in the Prophetic era.
Keywords

Subjects


Bibliography 
The Holy Quran. [In Persian]
A group of writers. Getting to know the Qur'an. Tehran: Amir Kabir Publications, 2003. [In Persian]
Abu Dawud Tayalasi, Suleiman. Musnad, first edition. Egypt: Dar Hijr, 1998. [In Persian]
Abu Ubaid, Qasim. Virtues of the Qur'an. Beirut: Dar ibn Kathir, 1994. [In Persian]
Ahmad bin Hanbal. Musnad. Beirut: Al-Risalah, 1995. [In Persian]
Ahmadi, MohammadHassan. Historical Methodology in Quranic Sciences and Hadith. University of Qom.2014. [In Persian]
Akhundi, Ali Asghar. "Review the Importance of the Rhyme at the End of Qur’an Verses", Mishkat 38, issue145 (2019): 57-77. [In Persian]
Ali al-Saghir, Mohammad Hossein. History of the Qur'an. Translated by: Ruhollah Shahidi, first edition, Qom: Bostan Kitab, 2018. [In Persian]
Ameli, Seyed Jafar Morteza. Important facts about the Quran. Translated by: Islami, Qom: Islamic Publishing office, 1998. [In Persian]
Askari, Mortaza. Al quran Al karim Wa Rewayaat Al Madresatain. Iran: The Islamic Scientific Academy, 1995. [In Persian]
Attar, Nur al-Din. Sciences of the Holy Qur'an. Damascus: Al-Sabah, 1995. [In Persian]
Azhari, Muhammad. Tahzeeb al-Logha. Beirut: Dar Al-ehya al-Torath al-Arabi, 2000. [In Persian]
Azodi, Abdullah. Kitab al-Ma'a. Tehran: Iran University of Medical Sciences, 1967. [In Persian]
Baghalani, Muhammad. Al-Intesar Lel-Qur'an. Beirut, 2001. [In Persian]
Baghdadi, Mohammad. Al-Mohbar. Beirut: Dar al-Afaaq Al-Jadida, [N.D]. [In Persian]
Baladhuri, Ahmad. Ansab Al Ashraaf. Beirut: Dar Al Fikr, 1996. [In Persian]
Barqi, Ahmed.  Al-Mahasen. Qom: Dar al-Kutub al-Islami, 1951. [In Persian]
Blachere, Regis. Le Coran. Translated by: Mahmoud Ramyar, Tehran: Islamic culture publishing office, 1995. [In Persian]
Bukhari, Muhammad. Sahih Al-Bukhari. Cairo: Ministry of Endowments, 1989. [In Persian]
Bustani, Fowad Afram. Farhang Abjadi. Tehran: Islamic, 1996. [In Persian]
Daremi, Abdullah. Sunan. Riyadh: Dar al-Mughni, 2000. [In Persian]
Dhahabi, Muhammad. Marafah al-Qorra. Istanbul: Markz al-Bohuth al-Islamiya, 1995. [In Persian]
Faiyoumi, Ahmad. Al-Mesbah al-Monir. Qom: Dar al-Hijra, 1993. [In Persian]
Fakhr razi, Muhammad. Mafaatih Al Qheib. Beirut: Dar Al Ehya Al Toras Al Arabi, 1999.
Farahidi, Khalil. Kitab al 'Ayn. Qom: Hejrat, 1988. [In Persian]
Feqhizadeh, Abdul Hadi. A research on the order of the Qur'an. Tehran: Academic Jihad of Tehran University, 1995. [In Persian]
Firouzabadi, Muhammad. Al-Qamoos al-Mohit. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub Al-Elmiya, 1994. [In Persian]
Gholamrezaii, Hadi. "The Challenges of tavatur of the Holy Qur'an and the Strategies for Dealing with Them" Ph.D. thesis, Tarbiat Modares University, 1401. [In Persian]
Hakim, Muhammad Baqir. Ulum al-Qur'an. Qom: Islamic Thought, 2004. [In Persian]
Hashemi Khoei, Mirza Habibollah, Minhaj al-Baraa'ah. Tehran: Makkata al-Islamiya, 1979. [In Persian]
Hassan, Muhammad Ali. Al-Manar in the Sciences of the Qur’an. Beirut: Al-Risala, 2000. [In Persian]
Heydari, Seyyed Kamal. Quran and immunity from distortion. Tehran: Mashaar Publishing, 2013. [In Persian]
Hojjati, Seyyed Mohammad Bagher. A research on the history of the Holy Quran. Tehran: Islamic culture publishing office, 2020. [In Persian]
Hossein, Siddiq. Quran Sciences. Qom: Al-Mustafa Center, 2013. [In Persian]
Ibn Abd al-Barr, Yusuf. Al-Istiab. Beirut: Dar Al-Jil, 1991. [In Persian]
Ibn Athir Jazri, Mubarak .Al-Nahiya fi Gharib al-Hadith. Qom: Ismailian Institute, 1947. [In Persian]
Ibn Athir, Ali. Usd Al ghabah fi Marifat Al Saḥabah. Beirut: Dar Al Fikr, 1988. [In Persian]
Ibn Dorid, Muhammad. Jamhar al-Loghah. Beirut: Dar El Alam Lalmlayin, 1988. [In Persian]
Ibn Fares, Ahmad. Mo'jam Maqaays al-Loghah. Qom: Maktoal Al-Alam al-Islami, 1983. [In Persian]
Ibn Hajar Asqalani, Ahmad. Fath al-Bari. Beirut: Dar al-Marfa'a, 1959. [In Persian]
Ibn Hajar Asqalani, Ahmad. The virtues of the Qur’an. Beirut: Al Hilal Library, 2003. [In Persian]
Ibn Kathir, Ismail. Al Bidaya wa Al Nihaya. Beirut: Dar Al Fikr, 1987. [In Persian]
Ibn Majah, Muhammad. Sunan Ibn Majah. Beirut: Dar Al-Jil, 1997. [In Persian]
Ibn Manzoor, Muhammad. Lasan al-Arab, third edition. Beirut: Dar Sadir, 1993. [In Persian]
Ibn Nadim, Muhammad. Al-Fehrest, second edition. Beirut: Dar Al-Marafah, 1996. [In Persian]
Ibn Saad, Muhammad. Tabaqat al-Kubara. Beirut: Dar Sadir, 1968. [In Persian]
Johari, Ismail. Al-Sahah. Beirut: Dar al-Elm, 1956. [In Persian]
Khoei, Seyyed Abul Qasim, Al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Qur'an. Qom: Al-Khoi Foundation, 1430. [In Persian]
Kulayni, Mohammad. Kafi. Qom: Dar al-Hadith, 2008. [In Persian]
Kulayni, Mohammad. Kafi. Tehran: Dar al-Kutub al-Islami, 1986. [In Persian]
Ma'arif, Majeed. A entering on the history of the Qur'an. Tehran: Naba, 2004. [In Persian]
Madani, Seyyed Ali Khan. Al-Taraz Al-Avval. Mashhad: Aal-Al-Bayt, 2005. [In Persian]
Mahna, Abdullah Ali. Lesan al-Lesan. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub Al-Elamiya, 1992. [In Persian]
Masoudi, Ali, Al-Tanbi Va Al-Ishraf. Cairo: Dar al-Sawi, [N.D]. [In Persian]
Milani, Seyyed Ali. Jawahar al Kalam in the Knowledge of Imamah and Imam. Qom: Al-Haqaq Publications.2016. [In Persian]
Modarresi, Mohammad Taqi. Men Hoda al-Qur'an. Tehran: Dar Mohabbi Al-Hussein, 1998. [In Persian]
Mohitei Ardakani, Ahmad. "Memorizing the Qur'an in the life of the innocents", Farhang Kausar 63 (2005). [In Persian]
Motarrezi, Nasser. Al-Maghrib. Aleppo: Osama bin Zayd Library, 1979. [In Persian]
Muhaisen, Mohammad Salem. Mujam Hoffaz al-Qur'an. Beirut: Dar Al-Jil, 1991. [In Persian]
Musa, Hossein Yusuf. Al-Ifsah fi Fiqh al-Logha. Qom: Maktab al-Elam al-Islami, 1989. [In Persian]
Muslim Neishaburi. Sahih Muslim. Cairo: Dar al-Hadith, 1991. [In Persian]
Mustafawi, Hassan, Al-Tahqiq fi Kalamat al-Qur'an al-Karim. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub Al-Elmiya, [N.D]. [In Persian]
Muzaffar, Mohammad Reza. Al-Mantiq. Qom: Ismailian Publications, 2005. [In Persian]
Nasa'i, Ahmad. Sunan al-Nasa'i (Al-Mujtaba Men al-Sunan). Amman: Bayt al-Afkar, [N.D]. [In Persian]
Qazi Nu'man, Ibn Hayyun. Da'aim al-Islam. Qom: Aal-Al-Bayt Foundation, 1962. [In Persian]
Qortobi, Mohammad. Al-Jame Le ahakm al-Qur'an. Tehran: Nasser Khosrow, 1944. [In Persian]
Ragheb Esfahani, Hossein. Vocabulary of Al-Qur'an. Beirut: Dar al-Qalam, 1991. [In Persian]
Ramyar, Mahmoud. History of the Qur'an. Tehran: Amir Kabir Publishing, 1990. [In Persian]
Rizwan, Umar. Orientalists' opinions about the Holy Qur'an and its interpretation. Riyadh: Dar Tayyaba, 1992. [In Persian]
Sabouni, Muhammad Ali. Al-Tebayan fi Ulum al-Qur'an. Beirut: Alam al-Kotb, 1984. [In Persian]
Sahib Bin obbad, Ismail. Al-Mohit fi Al-Logha. Beirut: Alam al-Kitab, 1993. [In Persian]
Saleh, Subhi. Investigations in the sciences of the Qur’an. Qom: al-Sharif al-Razi, 1993. [In Persian]
Seyyed Mortaza. Amali al-Mortaza. Cairo: Dar al-Fakr al-Arabi, 1998. [In Persian]
Seyyed Razi. Nahj al-Balagha (Sobhi Saleh). Qom: Hijrat, 1993. [In Persian]
Shaieri, Mohammad. Jame Al-Akhbar. Najaf: Haidariyya printer, [N.D]. [In Persian]
Sheikh Hurr al Amili, Muhammad, Tawatur of the Qur’an, Tehran: Dar Al kotob, 2005. [In Persian]
Sheikh Mofid, Muhammad. Al-Fosul Al-Mukhtarah. Qom: Congress of Sheikh, 1992. [In Persian]
Sheikh Sadouq, Muhammad. Al-Faqih. Qom: Islamic Publishing office, 1992. [In Persian]
Sheikh Sadouq, Muhammad. Al-Khasal. Qom: Jamia Modaresin, 1983. [In Persian]
Sheikh Sadouq, Muhammad. Ma'ani al-Akhbar. Qom: Islamic Publishing office, 1982. [In Persian]
Sheikh Sadouq, Muhammad. Sawabul-Aamaal. Qom: Dar al-Sharif al-Razi, 1985. [In Persian]
Sheikh Tousi, Muhammad.  Al-Tebyan. Beirut: Dar Ahyaya al-Trath al-Arabi, [N.D]. [In Persian]
Sheikh Tousi, Muhammad. Amali. Qom: Dar al-Thaqafa, 1993. [In Persian]
Sheikh Tousi, Muhammad. Tahdhib al-Ahkam. Tehran: Dar al-Kutub al-Islamiyya, 1986. [In Persian]
Shibani, Ishaq. Kitab Al-Jim. Cairo: Al-Matabah Al-Amiriyah, 1975. [In Persian]
Siyuti, Abd al-Rahman. Al-Itqan fi Ulum al-Qur'an. Beirut: Dar al-Kitab al-Arabi, 2000. [In Persian]
Tabari, Muhammad. Jami al-Bayan. Beirut: Dar al-Marafa, 1991. [In Persian]
Tabarsi, Fazl. Majma al-Bayan. Tehran: Nasser Khosro Publications, 1952. [In Persian]
Tabatabayi, Seyyed Muhammad Hossein. Al-Mizan. Qom: Islamic Publishing, 1996. [In Persian]
Thaalabi, Ahmad. Al-kashf va Al-Bayan. Beirut: Dar Al-ehya al-Torath al-Arabi, 2001. [In Persian]
Tirmidhi, Muhammad. Sunan Al-Tirmidhi. Cairo: Dar al-Hadith, 1998. [In Persian]
Toraihi, Fakhruddin. Majma al-Bahrain. Tehran: Mortazavi bookstore, 1955. [In Persian]
Zamakhshari, Mahmoud. Al-Faiq fi Gharib al-Hadith. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub Al-Elmiya, 1996. [In Persian]
Zamakhshari, Mahmoud. Asas al-Balagha. Beirut: Al Ehya Al Toras Al Arabi, 2001. [In Persian]
Zarkeshi, Muhammad. Al-Borhan fi Ulum al-Qur'an. Beirut, 1989. [In Persian]
Zarqani, Muhammad. Manahel Al Erfan. Beirut: Dar Al Ehya Al Toras Al Arabi, [N.D]. [In Persian]
Zubeidi, Muhammad. Taj al-Arus. Beirut: Dar al-Fakr, 1993. [In Persian]
Send comment about this article
Enter Name.
Enter a valid email address.
Enter a vaid affiliation.
Enter comments (At leaset 10 words)
CAPTCHA Image
Enter Security Code Correctly.